Why Do Horseflies Bite?

Have you ever wondered why horseflies seem to have a particular affinity for biting humans? These pesky insects are not only a nuisance but can also cause discomfort and transmit diseases. In this article, we will delve into the reasons behind horsefly bites, their behavior, and how to protect yourself from them.

Understanding Horseflies

Before we can understand why horseflies bite, it’s essential to know a bit about these insects. Horseflies, also known as greenheads, are large, robust flies with a distinctive green color on their heads. They are found in various parts of the world, particularly in areas with abundant livestock and wildlife.

Horseflies are known for their painful bites, which can cause swelling, redness, and itching. Unlike mosquitoes, which feed on nectar and plant juices, horseflies are blood-suckers. They require blood meals to reproduce, which is why they target animals and humans.

Why Do Horseflies Bite Humans?

Now that we know horseflies are blood-suckers, let’s explore why they choose humans over other animals.

1. Availability:

Horseflies are attracted to warm-blooded creatures, and humans provide an easy target. Our bodies emit heat, which makes us more visible to these insects. Additionally, humans are more likely to be found in open areas, such as parks, fields, and forests, where horseflies thrive.

2. Odor:

Horseflies are attracted to the carbon dioxide we exhale, as well as the odors of our skin. These odors include sweat, body odor, and even the scent of our clothing. The stronger the odor, the more likely a horsefly is to be attracted to you.

3. Blood Type:

Research suggests that horseflies may be more attracted to certain blood types. While this is not a definitive explanation, it’s believed that individuals with certain blood types may be more susceptible to horsefly bites.

Behavior of Horseflies

Understanding the behavior of horseflies can help us better understand why they bite humans.

1. Flight Pattern:

Horseflies have a unique flight pattern that allows them to hover and land on their targets. This hovering behavior is often observed when horseflies are searching for a blood meal.

2. Sensitivity to Movement:

Horseflies are highly sensitive to movement. They can detect the smallest of movements, which is why they often target individuals who are moving or exercising.

3. Timing:

Horseflies are most active during the warmest parts of the day, typically between 10 am and 4 pm. This is when they are most likely to bite.

Preventing Horsefly Bites

Now that we understand why horseflies bite, let’s look at some ways to prevent these pesky insects from targeting us.

1. Wear Protective Clothing:

Long-sleeved shirts, pants, and hats can help protect you from horsefly bites. Dark-colored clothing may be more effective, as horseflies are attracted to light.

2. Use Insect Repellents:

Insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus can help deter horseflies. Apply the repellent to exposed skin and clothing, following the instructions on the label.

3. Avoid Horseflies:

Stay in areas with plenty of vegetation, as horseflies are more likely to be found in open, sunny areas. If you’re in an area with horseflies, try to move slowly and avoid sudden movements.

4. Treat Your Clothing:

Treat your clothing with permethrin, an insecticide that can repel horseflies. This treatment can last for several washes and is safe for use on clothing and gear.

Conclusion

Horseflies bite humans for several reasons, including our warm-blooded nature, body odors, and the availability of blood meals. Understanding their behavior and taking preventive measures can help reduce your risk of being bitten. By wearing protective clothing, using insect repellents, and avoiding horseflies, you can enjoy your outdoor activities without the worry of these pesky insects.